Many MNEs may want to start operations in some foreign country Essay Example for Free

Many MNEs may want to start operations in some foreign country Essay Establishment mode means that the MNE starts its operations from scratch in the foreign country usually through a wholly owned subsidiary where as in entry mode; this can be accomplished by a subsidiary or through partnership with a local party which involves shared ownership. In this study the authors examine the effect of same variables on both these choices available to a company. They do it through a series of hypotheses. The first hypothesis measures the positive effect of greater institutional advancement on the choice that the company makes. Institutional advancement is defined in the study as pertaining to changes in formal institutions over a period of time. It is argued that regulatory forces are likely to be a big influence on a decision that an MNE makes with regard to its establishment or entry choice. Regulatory forces or rather Regulative forces as described in the study are not limited to laws and regulations only but also include political and other social factors. The authors conclude that institutional advancement has a positive effect on the choice to establish a subsidiary with shared ownership. The second hypothesis postulated by the authors’ measures the moderating effect of institutional advancement on the tendency of a technologically intense firm to either go for establishment mode or entry mode. It is argued that firms which are technology intense should go for establishment mode because their competitive advantages are embedded in their labor force skills and organizational practices so it is more efficient for them to start from scratch. They should hire and train the local labor force. Furthermore in case of a joint venture or share ownership of the subsidiary, protecting the intellectual rights can be an issue. Protection of such rights is dependent on the judicial system. In transition economics where the judiciary is corrupt and intellectual property rights are not respected, an MNE would be reluctant to transfer its technology. Therefore authors conclude that firm with advanced proprietary technology are likely to prefer establishment mode but level of institutional advancement has a positive moderating effect on such a firm going for entry mode. The third hypothesis measures the moderating effect of institutional advancement on a multidomestic MNE to either go for establishment of entry mode. Multidomestic firms are defined as those which pursue multidomestic strategy and want to establish a sustainable local market presence. For such MNEs acquiring a local company is a more attractive option because such acquisition can provide them with local brands, market knowledge, distribution channels and network relationships with the host country’s other businesses and government. How the restructuring and realignment of the acquired entity can be very challenging. The firms in the host country are likely to be following a different paradigm. But on the other hand if an MNE goes for shared ownership or entry mode, it can accomplish more without facing these difficulties. It is argues that a multidomestic MNE requires lesser control on the subsidiary. If this is so then subsidiaries in the host country can have considerable freedom and operate on their own fully leveraging their local expertise.Hence it is concluded institutional advancement has a positive moderating effect on a multidomestic MNE to go for entry mode. Finally the authors have used an international survey to gather the data to support their findings. The survey consists of a questionnaire with 33 open and close ended questions. Furthermore the MNE’s latest establishment mode choice or entry mode choice has been taken as the dependent variable. Critique This study is no doubt a valuable asset for managers and students alike in studying the behavior of MNEs in making their choices when it comes to Foreign Direct Investment but nevertheless it has a few shortcomings and weaknesses. But the biggest shortcoming of this study is the scope. The authors have primarily taken a sample of European MNEs. And the so called economies in transition are basically east European countries which were once under the iron curtain. Firstly we need to consider the fact that Europeans MNEs may be very different from Japanese or American MNEs and so forth. The establishment or entry mode choice for Japanese firms may be dependent on or moderated by variables other than the ones discussed here. Similarly an MNE whether European or Japanese may decide to invest in some country in Central Asia or North Africa or even South Asia. The market conditions in these countries are very different from those of the transition economies discussed by the authors. This means that the findings in this study are not universally applicable. Nevertheless it is a valuable addition to our knowledge regarding MNE behavior in making Foreign Direct Investment decisions. But for any researcher trying to consult this study, it is very important to keep the above mentioned limitations in mind.

Social Networking: Beneficial or Harmful? :: Social Networking Essays

With the advancement in technology in a short matter of time it has impacted the world in many ways such as how the world communicates and our life styles. One of the many revolutionary inventions or evolutions is called social networking sites (SNS). Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and many more, are where people gather in the internet, create a personalized profile about themselves, and interact with people around the world. With the lack of parental supervision between the ages of fourteen to seventeen, which makes one of largest demographics using social networking sites, these teens could be subjected to mature elements. Young teens between the ages of fourteen to seventeen should not be allowed to have a profile on social networking sites because they do not have the capability to make proper logical decisions. With the level of exposure that teens are facing today by joining the social networking trend, they often forget the dangers of social networking such as stalkers and pedophiles, who may use the sites as a major tool of the trade. Said dangers can befriend naà ¯ve teens and lure them into dangerous situations. For example, Raymond Wang had a friend being stalked by an unknown person through one of the social networking sites. This stalker acquired private information about her via Facebook, and it got to the point where the stalker was sending her threatening or perverted letters to her actual mailbox detailing what he would do to her. â€Å"This has really affected her a lot because now she’s scared other stalkers might do the same and she doesn't want that to happen or have anything happen to her.† (Wang 19) Even though users are given the option to make one’s profile private, there is still the looming threat that stalkers are able to gather enough informati on about the person’s whereabouts. Another similar incident happened to Regina Chau, a member of a social networking site catered to the raver lifestyle, Plurlife. When she first joined with her offline friends she liked everything about the SNS, but â€Å"[where] most of the people you accept to your friends list would probably be strangers.† (Chau 18) she had befriended a person she did not know offline and one these â€Å"friends† got a little too friendly with her; â€Å"he would keep asking over and over if I wanted to meet up with him at the next event. I found this a little creepy and did not message him back after that. Social Networking: Beneficial or Harmful? :: Social Networking Essays With the advancement in technology in a short matter of time it has impacted the world in many ways such as how the world communicates and our life styles. One of the many revolutionary inventions or evolutions is called social networking sites (SNS). Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and many more, are where people gather in the internet, create a personalized profile about themselves, and interact with people around the world. With the lack of parental supervision between the ages of fourteen to seventeen, which makes one of largest demographics using social networking sites, these teens could be subjected to mature elements. Young teens between the ages of fourteen to seventeen should not be allowed to have a profile on social networking sites because they do not have the capability to make proper logical decisions. With the level of exposure that teens are facing today by joining the social networking trend, they often forget the dangers of social networking such as stalkers and pedophiles, who may use the sites as a major tool of the trade. Said dangers can befriend naà ¯ve teens and lure them into dangerous situations. For example, Raymond Wang had a friend being stalked by an unknown person through one of the social networking sites. This stalker acquired private information about her via Facebook, and it got to the point where the stalker was sending her threatening or perverted letters to her actual mailbox detailing what he would do to her. â€Å"This has really affected her a lot because now she’s scared other stalkers might do the same and she doesn't want that to happen or have anything happen to her.† (Wang 19) Even though users are given the option to make one’s profile private, there is still the looming threat that stalkers are able to gather enough informati on about the person’s whereabouts. Another similar incident happened to Regina Chau, a member of a social networking site catered to the raver lifestyle, Plurlife. When she first joined with her offline friends she liked everything about the SNS, but â€Å"[where] most of the people you accept to your friends list would probably be strangers.† (Chau 18) she had befriended a person she did not know offline and one these â€Å"friends† got a little too friendly with her; â€Å"he would keep asking over and over if I wanted to meet up with him at the next event. I found this a little creepy and did not message him back after that.

On what grounds have Liberals defended democracy

Liberals, no matter classical or modern, believe in small state. As Thomas Paine put it: â€Å"Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil†. This concept links nicely with the idea of democracy, which literally means â€Å"rule by people†. Liberals have defended democracy on the grounds that people must have a way of protecting themselves against the government and its actions.This type of democracy is also referred to as protective democracy. Moreover, democracy opens an ability for people to choose. In a pure democracy, for instance, people would vote on every occasion ND policy, hence the core liberal idea of individualism would flourish in its fullest. However, in modern society it is practically impossible to have pure democracy, so we have to resort to participatory democracy.This still support the idea of individualism, as each vote counts towards the end result. Moreover, democracy improves political participation as people know that their voices will be heard. It also encourages political education in order to make the best choice of the candidate, which links with the idea of reason and the core period in liberalism's history of enlightenment.By being rational and self-seeking, individuals will want the best for themselves, hence they will seek to vote for the candidate that suits their needs and beliefs best, In order to do so, they will have to read, debate or learn about them by other means, which will increase the overall Intelligence of Individuals and therefore help them achieve their full potential, which Is what modern liberals believe is the main function of the government. Talking about modern liberalism, they have also defended democracy on the grounds that It promotes pluralism In our society.Democracy gives many competing groups, such as political parties or pressure groups, a political voice, which connects those to the political system and hence maintains political stability. Stability Is further promoted I n terms of Individuals: they all have a vote, and even If their candidate looses the election, a rational Individual will understand that the candidate who won had the majority support. In conclusion, liberals have defended democracy as It adheres to their core principles of Individualism and reason, as well as their view of the role of the government. ICC will increase the overall intelligence of individuals and therefore help them achieve their full potential, which is what modern liberals believe is the main defended democracy on the grounds that it promotes pluralism in our society. Maintains political stability. Stability is further promoted in terms of individuals: they all have a vote, and even if their candidate looses the election, a rational individual liberals have defended democracy as it adheres to their core principles of individualism and reason, as well as their view of the role of the government.

The Importance Of Teaching Foreign Languages On...

INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid growth of globalization, learning foreign languages, particularly those that are utilized internationally, are regarded as the one of the most essential instruments for anybody to build their career successfully who masters it. Being multilingual or bilingual is seen as beneficial for the modern people across the globe. For this reason, teaching foreign languages to children at as early as in kindergarten would facilitate in preparing a good lingual groundwork for them and decrease the time taken to become proficient in specific languages. Furthermore, teaching foreign languages to children would make them more inquisitive regarding the outer world that would help them to get exposed to cultures, people, and habits different theirs. This paper discusses about the significance of introducing foreign languages in kindergarten level as this helps in preparing the foundation for young children to excel further in their lives by obtaining higher education, advancing in f acility and technology, and be able to make themselves a global employee (Caner, Subasi and Kara, 2010, p. 63). THESIS STATEMENT Every kid in this world is competent of learning foreign languages and those who begin to receive instruction at an early stage like from kindergarten level can see benefits in several fields such as social interaction, cognitive capability, cultural understanding and academic performance. SIGNIFICANCE OF INTRODUCING FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN KINDERGARTENSShow MoreRelatedforeign language instruction should beg1476 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Topic: Foreign Language Instruction Should Begin in Kindergarten, Discuss. 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